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Anti-depressants: Major study finds they work

Published 22 Feb 2018

Anti-depressants: Major study finds they work

Scientists say they have settled one of medicine's biggest debates after a huge study found that anti-depressants work.

The study, which analysed data from 522 trials involving 116,477 people, found 21 common anti-depressants were all more effective at reducing symptoms of acute depression than dummy pills. But it also showed big differences in how effective each drug is.

The authors of the report, published in the Lancet, said it showed many more people could benefit from the drugs.

There were 64.7 million prescriptions for the drugs in England in 2016 - more than double the 31 million in 2006 - but there has been a debate about how effective they are, with some trials suggesting they are no better than placebos.

The Royal College of Psychiatrists said the study "finally puts to bed the controversy on anti-depressants".

The so-called meta-analysis, which involved unpublished data in addition to information from the 522 clinical trials involving the short-term treatment of acute depression in adults, found the medications were all more effective than placebos.

However, the study found they ranged from being a third more effective than a placebo to more than twice as effective.

Lead researcher Dr Andrea Cipriani, from the University of Oxford, told the BBC: "This study is the final answer to a long-standing controversy about whether anti-depressants work for depression. We found the most commonly prescribed anti-depressants work for moderate to severe depression and I think this is very good news for patients and clinicians."

Anti-depressant "stigma"

Christian Talbot, a comedian, said he first started taking antidepressants three and a half years ago after he found talking therapies had been ineffective for him. His doctor told him his depression was due to his low levels of serotonin, which is thought to influence mood, emotion and sleep.

Christian said he had been reluctant to take anti-depressants at first because he feared they might make him "numb" or dull his senses. But he said when he did take them the results were "immediately beneficial".

"It wasn't that I felt a huge change come over me but I did feel literally like there was a weight that came off my shoulders. I was less anxious and felt more even."

He said he felt there was a stigma around taking the drugs. "I don't know if people are afraid of them or they're embarrassed about them, because it's a medication just like anything else, except it's for a mental health issue rather than a physical issue."

Anti-depressants - the most and least effective

The most effective:

- agomelatine
- amitriptyline
- escitalopram
- mirtazapine
- paroxetine

The least effective:

- fluoxetine
- fluvoxamine
- reboxetine
- trazodone

'Compelling evidence'

The study's authors said the findings could help doctors to pick the right prescription, but it did not mean everyone should be switching medications.

That is because the study looked at the average effect of drugs rather than how they worked for individuals of different ages or gender, the severity of symptoms and other characteristics. Researchers added that most of the data in the meta-analysis covered eight weeks of treatment, so the findings might not apply to longer-term use.

And they said it did not mean that anti-depressants should always be the first form of treatment.

At least one million more people in the UK would benefit from treatments, including anti-depressants, they said.

"Medication should always be considered alongside other options, such as psychological therapies, where these are available," Dr Cipriani added.

Prof Carmine Pariante, from the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: "This meta-analysis finally puts to bed the controversy on anti-depressants, clearly showing that these drugs do work in lifting mood and helping most people with depression. Importantly, the paper analyses unpublished data held by pharmaceutical companies, and shows that the funding of studies by these companies does not influence the result, thus confirming that the clinical usefulness of these drugs is not affected by pharma-sponsored spin."

Glyn Lewis, professor of psychiatric epidemiology at University College London, said the "excellent" study provided "compelling evidence" for the effectiveness of anti-depressants.

He added: "Anti-depressants often receive a 'bad press' but this paper shows they have a role in the management for people with depression."

 

BBC Health News

6 comments


Richard1
on 13/03/2018

What about side effects?


Roo1978
on 13/03/2018

What about interaction with other drugs taken such as steroids?


Margarita_k • Community manager
on 15/03/2018

Hi @Roo1978‍ , @Richard1‍ , unfortunately, I have no information in answer to your questions. In regards to drug interaction, I would advise you to talk to your doctor who will be able to explain to you how it all works.

As for the side effects, we can ask the patients who have already taken antidepressants, but it is still essential to ask your doctor for advice, as each person is different and the effects of the drug (both positive and negative) depend on many things.

Kind regards,

Margarita


Roo1978
on 15/03/2018

Thank you for the reply x


denzelthedog
on 26/03/2018

I have been on Seroxat for a number of years and when I try to come off them I get  brain zaps. They don't tell you this when you are prescribed them.😥

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